
Basel AML Index 2021 – Evaluating the Risk of Money Laundering Worldwide

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The threat for money laundering and terror financing continue to increase with global anti-money laundering (AML) non-compliance penalties soaring sky high in 2021. Around 17 banks were penalised in the first half of 2021 and the highest fine imposed was equivalent to $1,250,521,695.Â
The Basel AML Index report issued in September 2021 has evaluated around 200 countries and territories in the world. The surprising yet concerning ratings and scores depict a significant shift of AML/CFT compliance policies across jurisdictions. Where some territories have enforced robust protocols, many were found to have vulnerabilities in the AML/CFT systems.Â
This blog highlights all important aspects of the Basel AML Index Report 2021 along with the risk rating and scores assigned to the evaluated regions.Â
The Basel AML Index is an independent annual ranking that evaluates financial crime risks across the globe. The first report was issued in 2012 and scores jurisdictions on the basis of:
As per the report, virtual assets or cryptocurrencies, effectiveness of AML/CFT systems, beneficial ownership, and designated non-financial businesses and professionals (DNFBPs) are the major anti-money laundering risk trends in 2021 and beyond.Â
With many attributes of virtual assets in favour of the economy (for instance, they can increase financial inclusion if adopted on a large scale), there are many features favourable for criminals. Anonymity allows launderers to hide their illegally earned money and lack of regulations is another major setback of the industry.Â
The Financial Actions Task Force (FATF) in 2018 revised its Recommendation 15 to encourage countries to follow a risk-based approach for Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) as well. The level of money laundering and terror financing risk they pose to the region is significantly high. As per the revised recommendation, all virtual assets must be licensed, transactions above $1,000 must be evaluated under enhanced due diligence (EDD) policies, and suspicious activity reports (SARs) must be submitted whenever required.Â
The Basel Report further revealed that:Â
Suggested: FATF’s Travel Rule: A New Dawn of Regulations for Virtual Asset Services Â
The effectiveness of anti-money laundering (AML) systems is another parameter for evaluating risk and scoring countries. Last year’s report revealed that many regions of the world have employed poor AML/CFT protocols. In addition to this, there is no sign of improvement in the AML/CFT system in these countries and territories.Â
Indicating an unsatisfactory enforcement of AML/CFT measures, the report states thatÂ
Lastly, the report evaluated designated non-financial businesses and persons (DNFBPs) and revealed that there’s a large gap in AML/CFT regulations and systems for these entities. The issue must be addressed as soon as possible before criminal activities target companies in this sector more often.Â
The evaluation suggests that Customer Due Diligence protocols like the ones for the financial industry must be followed for DNFBPs as well. Out of the assessed regions:
All the evaluated regions have been scored and ranked for the level of money laundering and terror financing they have. Here are 35 regions from this assessment ordered from highest to the lowest rank.Â
Country |
Rank |
Score |
Haiti | 1 | Â 8.49Â |
Dem. Rep. of Congo | 2 |  8.39 |
Mauritania | 3 | 8.13 |
Myanmar | 4 | Â 7.83 |
Mozambique | 5 | 7.71 |
Cayman Islands | 6 | Â 7.66 |
Madagascar | 7 | 7.40 |
Mali | 8 | Â 7.37 |
Senegal | 9 | Â 7.25 |
Uganda | 10 | Â 7.18 |
Cambodia | 11 | 7.13 |
Zimbabwe | 12 | Â 6.79 |
Burkina Faso | 13 | Â 6.77 |
Ethiopia | 14 | 6.77 |
Pakistan | 28 | 6.00 |
Panama | 29 | 6.00 |
Tajikistan | 30 | 5.97 |
Macao, China | 31 | 5.93 |
United Arab Emirates | 32 | 5.90 |
Bangladesh | 33 | 5.84 |
Barbados | 34 | 5.82 |
Malawi | 35 | 5.78 |
Jamaica | 36 | 5.77 |
Philippines | 37 | 5.76 |
Cuba | 38 | 5.75 |
New Zealand | 101 | 3.53 |
Lithuania | 102 | 3.51 |
Denmark | 103 | 3.46 |
San Marino | 104 | 3.42 |
Sweden | 105 | 3.36 |
Norway | 106 | 3.35 |
Slovenia | 107 | 3.30 |
Cook Island | 108 | 3.13 |
Finland | 109 | 3.06 |
Andorra | 110 | 2.73 |
Source: Basel Index AML Report 2021
Money laundering and terror financing risks continue to increase with time. Be it a Mutual Evaluation Report by the FATF or Basel AML Index Report, all assessments reveal that the situation might get worse. Many regions have to reconsider their AML/CFT policies and systems to combat the rising number of financial crime cases. As per the Basel Report, ineffective AML systems have led to the rise in money laundering and terror financing activities.Â
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